This is the first post of what I would like to believe will be a series of thoughts on creating a good User Experience with Windows Presentation Foundation. I have no idea where this will take me, but I'll start with a color.
You like black? We've got black.
How about using it as a background color in a WPF application?
<Page
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Background="Black">
</Page>
That's a nice black page, isn't it? But wait a minute! Is this way of hardcoding the color into the Page really a good idea? What options do we have here?
First, it's important to know that when setting Background="Black" in XAML, it's a solid black brush that you're actually setting to the Background property. This is possible with the help of a type converter called BrushConverter, which is responsible for creating a brush from as many string representations of a color as possible.
Now we're talking brushes... There are six kinds of brushes in WPF and we'll eventually get to know and use all of them. For now, it's the SolidColorBrush we're interested in [no need explaining what this one looks like I presume].
So, instead of painting our background with a solid black color, we can just paint it with "a brush" and define what "a brush" looks like elsewhere:
<Page
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Background="{DynamicResource WindowBackgroundBrush}">
<Page.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="WindowBackgroundBrush" Color="Black" />
</Page.Resources>
</Page>
In this example, the solid black brush is defined within Page's resources and you probably noticed that it's got a new name now. We're not calling it by its color anymore; from now on we'll be addressing it by its purpose - to paint a window's background. This kind of abstracting away from the actual color is important because a week or two from now you might want to rethink your previous color choice and change it to some other color. You don't believe me? Just ask your wife...
In fact, pitch black color is not the perfect choice for an application window's back color anyway. We'll probably make the user's eyes more happy by putting some light in it, for example:
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="WindowBackgroundBrush" Color="#FF595959" />
Note that the color is now specified with the "webby" hexadecimal code.
If you're an adventurous type and like fancy design, you may even consider using a linear gradient brush, which will blend two or more colors across a line, pointed at whichever direction you like. You can even specify gradient stop points to customize the color transition lengths. The following construct uses two shades of dark gray to create a linear vertical gradient:
<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="WindowBackgroundBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="#FF333333" Offset="0.0" />
<GradientStop Color="#FF595959" Offset="1.0" />
</LinearGradientBrush>
Notice that the name of the brush remains the same as before, therefore we don't need to touch the rest of the code. The page still gets painted just by "a brush". While that might be the end of the story for some, the others would ask themselves - "OK, but what if I don't want to paint the background at all?"
And that's where WPF Styles kick in... I'll address that in my next post.
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